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Madison made a major contribution to the ratification of the Constitution by writing, with Alexander Hamilton and John Jay, the Federalist essays. In later years, when he was referred to as the "Father of the Constitution," Madison protested that the document was not "the off-spring of a single brain," but "the work of many heads and many hands." In Congress, he helped frame the Bill of Rights and enact the first revenue legislation. Out of his leadership in opposition to Hamilton's financial proposals, which he felt would unduly bestow wealth and power upon northern financiers, came the development of the Republican, or Jeffersonian, Party. Above is a portrait of President James Madison. On his desk is a quill pen resting in an open ink pot. Below is another portrait with Madison and the Constitution. Again a quill is setting in an open ink pot. Perhaps a cooincidence, or it may tell something about Madison's writing habits.
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